Product: XBP1 Antibody
Catalog: AF5110
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to XBP1
Application: WB IHC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Sheep, Dog
Mol.Wt.: 30~45kD(Unspliced),55kD(Spliced).; 29kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P17861
RRID: AB_2837596

View similar products>>

   Size Price Inventory
 100ul $280 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

For pricing and ordering contact:
Local distributors

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Sheep(83%), Dog(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
XBP1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total XBP1.
RRID:
AB_2837596
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF5110, RRID:AB_2837596.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Tax responsive element binding protein 5; Tax-responsive element-binding protein 5; TREB5; X box binding protein 1; X box binding protein 2; X-box-binding protein 1; XBP 1; XBP-1; XBP1; XBP1_HUMAN; XBP2;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

A synthesized peptide derived from human XBP1, corresponding to a region within C-terminal amino acids.

Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
P17861 XBP1_HUMAN:

Expressed in plasma cells in rheumatoid synovium (PubMed:11460154). Over-expressed in primary breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer cells (PubMed:25280941). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed at higher level in proliferating as compared to confluent quiescent endothelial cells (PubMed:19416856).

Description:
Transcription factor essential for hepatocyte growth, the differentiation of plasma cells, the immunoglobulin secretion, and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Acts during endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) by activating unfolded protein response (UPR) target genes via direct binding to the UPR element (UPRE).
Sequence:
MVVVAAAPNPADGTPKVLLLSGQPASAAGAPAGQALPLMVPAQRGASPEAASGGLPQARKRQRLTHLSPEEKALRRKLKNRVAAQTARDRKKARMSELEQQVVDLEEENQKLLLENQLLREKTHGLVVENQELRQRLGMDALVAEEEAEAKGNEVRPVAGSAESAALRLRAPLQQVQAQLSPLQNISPWILAVLTLQIQSLISCWAFWTTWTQSCSSNALPQSLPAWRSSQRSTQKDPVPYQPPFLCQWGRHQPSWKPLMN

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Dog
100
Sheep
83
Pig
0
Horse
0
Bovine
0
Xenopus
0
Zebrafish
0
Chicken
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P17861 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
S47 Phosphorylation
S68 Phosphorylation P27361 (MAPK3) , P28482 (MAPK1) , Q16539 (MAPK14)
K72 Ubiquitination
S96 Phosphorylation
K111 Ubiquitination
K122 Ubiquitination
K151 Ubiquitination
S181 Phosphorylation P27361 (MAPK3) , P28482 (MAPK1)
K236 Ubiquitination
S255 Phosphorylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Functions as a transcription factor during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Required for cardiac myogenesis and hepatogenesis during embryonic development, and the development of secretory tissues such as exocrine pancreas and salivary gland (By similarity). Involved in terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells and production of immunoglobulins. Modulates the cellular response to ER stress in a PIK3R-dependent manner. Binds to the cis-acting X box present in the promoter regions of major histocompatibility complex class II genes. Involved in VEGF-induced endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and retinal blood vessel formation during embryonic development but also for angiogenesis in adult tissues under ischemic conditions. Functions also as a major regulator of the UPR in obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes for the management of obesity and diabetes prevention (By similarity).

Plays a role in the unconventional cytoplasmic splicing processing of its own mRNA triggered by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane endoribonuclease ENR1: upon ER stress, the emerging XBP1 polypeptide chain, as part of a mRNA-ribosome-nascent chain (R-RNC) complex, cotranslationally recruits its own unprocessed mRNA through transient docking to the ER membrane and translational pausing, therefore facilitating efficient IRE1-mediated XBP1 mRNA isoform 2 production. In endothelial cells (EC), associated with KDR, promotes IRE1-mediated XBP1 mRNA isoform 2 productions in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent manner, leading to EC proliferation and angiogenesis. Functions as a negative feed-back regulator of the potent transcription factor XBP1 isoform 2 protein levels through proteasome-mediated degradation, thus preventing the constitutive activation of the ER stress response signaling pathway. Inhibits the transactivation activity of XBP1 isoform 2 in myeloma cells (By similarity). Acts as a weak transcriptional factor. Together with HDAC3, contributes to the activation of NFE2L2-mediated HMOX1 transcription factor gene expression in a PI(3)K/mTORC2/Akt-dependent signaling pathway leading to EC survival under disturbed flow/oxidative stress. Binds to the ER stress response element (ERSE) upon ER stress. Binds to the consensus 5'-GATGACGTG[TG]N(3)[AT]T-3' sequence related to cAMP responsive element (CRE)-like sequences. Binds the Tax-responsive element (TRE) present in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) and to the TPA response elements (TRE). Associates preferentially to the HDAC3 gene promoter region in a static flow-dependent manner. Binds to the CDH5/VE-cadherin gene promoter region.

Functions as a stress-inducible potent transcriptional activator during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by inducing unfolded protein response (UPR) target genes via binding to the UPR element (UPRE). Up-regulates target genes encoding ER chaperones and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) components to enhance the capacity of productive folding and degradation mechanism, respectively, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the ER under ER stress. Plays a role in the production of immunoglobulins and interleukin-6 in the presence of stimuli required for plasma cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces phospholipid biosynthesis and ER expansion. Contributes to the VEGF-induced endothelial cell (EC) growth and proliferation in a Akt/GSK-dependent and/or -independent signaling pathway, respectively, leading to beta-catenin nuclear translocation and E2F2 gene expression. Promotes umbilical vein EC apoptosis and atherosclerotisis development in a caspase-dependent signaling pathway, and contributes to VEGF-induced EC proliferation and angiogenesis in adult tissues under ischemic conditions. Involved in the regulation of endostatin-induced autophagy in EC through BECN1 transcriptional activation. Plays a role as an oncogene by promoting tumor progression: stimulates zinc finger protein SNAI1 transcription to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition, cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Involved in adipocyte differentiation by regulating lipogenic gene expression during lactation. Plays a role in the survival of both dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), by maintaining protein homeostasis and of myeloma cells. Increases insulin sensitivity in the liver as a response to a high carbohydrate diet, resulting in improved glucose tolerance. Improves also glucose homeostasis in an ER stress- and/or insulin-independent manner through both binding and proteasome-induced degradation of the transcription factor FOXO1, hence resulting in suppression of gluconeogenic genes expression and in a reduction of blood glucose levels. Controls the induction of de novo fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes by regulating the expression of a subset of lipogenic genes in an ER stress- and UPR-independent manner (By similarity). Associates preferentially to the HDAC3 gene promoter region in a disturbed flow-dependent manner. Binds to the BECN1 gene promoter region. Binds to the CDH5/VE-cadherin gene promoter region. Binds to the ER stress response element (ERSE) upon ER stress. Binds to the 5'-CCACG-3' motif in the PPARG promoter (By similarity).

PTMs:

Isoform 2 is acetylated by EP300; acetylation positively regulates the transcriptional activity of XBP1 isoform 2. Isoform 2 is deacetylated by SIRT1; deacetylation negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of XBP1 isoform 2.

Isoform 1 is ubiquitinated, leading to proteasome-mediated degradation in response to ER stress.

X-box-binding protein 1, cytoplasmic form and luminal form are produced by intramembrane proteolytic cleavage of ER membrane-anchored isoform 1 triggered by HM13/SPP in a DERL1-RNF139-dependent and VCP/p97-independent manner. X-box-binding protein 1, luminal form is ubiquitinated leading to proteasomal degradation.

Subcellular Location:

Endoplasmic reticulum.
Note: Colocalizes with ERN1 and KDR in the endoplasmic reticulum in endothelial cells in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent manner (PubMed:23529610).

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane>Single-pass type II membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane>Peripheral membrane protein. Membrane>Peripheral membrane protein.
Note: Shows no preferential localization to either the nucleus or the cytoplasm (By similarity). Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a CRM1-dependent manner (PubMed:16461360). Localizes predominantly at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as a membrane-spanning protein; whereas may be only marginally localized on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane as a peripheral membrane (PubMed:19394296, PubMed:25190803).

Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Note: Localizes predominantly in the nucleus. Colocalizes in the nucleus with SIRT1. Translocates into the nucleus in a PIK3R-, ER stress-induced- and/or insulin-dependent manner (By similarity).

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Note: Localizes in the cytoplasm and nucleus after HM13/SPP-mediated intramembranaire proteolytic cleavage of isoform 1 (PubMed:25239945).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Expressed in plasma cells in rheumatoid synovium. Over-expressed in primary breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer cells. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed at higher level in proliferating as compared to confluent quiescent endothelial cells.

Subunit Structure:

Isoform 2 interacts with SIRT1. Isoform 2 interacts with PIK3R1 and PIK3R2; the interactions are direct and induce translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 into the nucleus and the unfolded protein response (UPR) XBP1-dependent target genes activation in a ER stress- and/or insulin-dependent but PI3K-independent manner. Isoform 2 interacts with FOXO1; the interaction is direct and leads to FOXO1 ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway in hepatocytes (By similarity). Isoform 1 interacts with HM13. Isoform 1 interacts with RNF139; the interaction induces ubiquitination and degradation of isoform 1. Isoform 1 interacts (via luminal domain) with DERL1; the interaction obviates the need for ectodomain shedding prior HM13/SPP-mediated XBP1 isoform 1 cleavage. Isoform 1 interacts with isoform 2; the interaction sequesters isoform 2 from the nucleus and enhances isoform 2 degradation in the cytoplasm. Isoform 1 interacts with HDAC3 and AKT1; the interactions occur in endothelial cell (EC) under disturbed flow. Isoform 1 interacts with the oncoprotein FOS. Isoform 2 interacts with ATF6; the interaction occurs in a ER stress-dependent manner and is required for DNA binding to the unfolded protein response element (UPRE). Isoform 2 interacts with PIK3R1; the interaction is direct and induces translocation of XBP1 isoform 2 into the nucleus and the unfolded protein response (UPR) XBP1-dependent target genes activation in a ER stress- and/or insulin-dependent but PI3K-independent manner.

Family&Domains:

Isoform 1 and isoform 2 N-terminus domains are necessary for nuclear localization targeting. Isoform 1 C-terminus domain confers localization to the cytoplasm and is sufficient to impose rapid degradation (By similarity). Isoform 1 transmembrane signal-anchor domain is necessary for its own mRNA to be recruited to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which will undergo unconventional ERN1-dependent splicing in response to ER stress (PubMed:19394296, PubMed:21233347). Isoform 1 N-terminus and C-terminus regions are necessary for DNA-binding and weak transcriptional activity, respectively. Isoform 2 N-terminus and C-terminus regions are necessary for DNA-binding and strong transcriptional activity upon ER stress, respectively (PubMed:11779464, PubMed:8657566). Isoform 2 C-terminus region contains a nuclear exclusion signal (NES) at positions 186 through 208. Isoform 2 C-terminus region contains a degradation domain at positions 209 through 261 (PubMed:16461360).

Belongs to the bZIP family.

Research Fields

· Genetic Information Processing > Folding, sorting and degradation > Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

References

1). Black Sesame Seeds Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance in Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2018 (PubMed: 30244573) [IF=6.1]

Application: WB    Species: mouse    Sample: Liver

Figure.6. |Effects of BSSEE (0.5, 1 and 2 mL/kg) on the expression of hepatic (A) XBP1, (B) phospho-IKK alpha/beta (Thr 183+Tyr 185), (C) phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Ser180/181) and (D) phospho-IRS1 (Ser 307).

2). Salidroside Ameliorates Furan-Induced Testicular Inflammation in Relation to the Gut-Testis Axis and Intestinal Apoptosis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2023 (PubMed: 37943949) [IF=6.1]

3). Protective Effect of Patchouli Alcohol Against High-Fat Diet Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulating VLDL Metabolism in Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019 (PubMed: 31632274) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: rat    Sample:

FIGURE 7 | PA treatment attenuated HFD-induced MTP reduction in rats. (A) Representative immunoreactive bands of XBP1, PDI, and MTP

4). Inhibition of ASIC1a-Mediated ERS Improves the Activation of HSCs and Copper Transport Under Copper Load. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021 (PubMed: 34135753) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: HSC-T6 cells

FIGURE 3 The effect of regulating the expression of ASIC1a on ERS in copper-treated HSC-T6 cells (A) Western blotting analysis and densitometric quantification of GRP78, and XBP1 protein levels in HSCs treated with PcTX-1; (B) mRNA levels of GRP78, and XBP1 in HSCs treated with PcTX-1 (C) Western blotting analysis and densitometric quantification of GRP78, XBP1 protein levels in HSCs transfected with ASIC1a-siRNA; (D) mRNA levels of GRP78, XBP1 in HSCs transfected with ASIC1a-siRNA. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4). * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. Control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. CuSO4 group.

5). ATP citrate lyase inhibitor triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via p‐eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, 2021 (PubMed: 33393219) [IF=5.3]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: HepG2 cells

FIGURE 5 ACLY inhibitor triggers ER stress and activates p‐eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis in vitro. Western blot analysis of (A) ER stress‐related proteins (p‐eIF2α, eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP) and (B) UPR signal transduction molecules (p‐PERK, PERK, p‐IRE1α, IRE1α and sXBP1) in HepG2 cells after administration of BMS‐303141. ATF4p‐eIF2α, eIF2α were activated 3 h post‐treatment; CHOP was activated 8 h post‐treatment. (* P < .05, ** P < .01 and *** P < .001, compared with control group) (C) Western blot analysis of protein expression after ATF4 knockdown. (D) Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining was performed to determine the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells after ATF4 knockdown via flow cytometry. (* P < .05, ** P < .01 and *** P < .001, compared with con siRNA group). All experiments were repeated 3 times

6). Elaidic acid induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ERS-MAPK signaling pathways in Kupffer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS, 2022 (PubMed: 34610469) [IF=4.8]

7). Cell division cyclin 25C knockdown inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma development by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. World journal of gastroenterology, 2024 (PubMed: 38817663) [IF=4.3]

8). Allicin alleviated acrylamide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Kupffer cells and SD rats liver. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2021 (PubMed: 33348049) [IF=4.3]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: Kupffer cells and SD rats liver.

Fig. 4. Effects of allicin on AA-induced ERS in Kupffer cells and SD rats liver. (A) Effects of allicin on AA-induced ERS proteins levels in Kupffer cells. (B) Effects of allicin on AA-induced ERS proteins levels in SD rats liver. GRP78, CHOP, p-IRE1α, p-ASK, XBP-1s and TRAF2 proteins expression were tested by Western-blotting analysis. The values are presented as means ± of SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus the control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, versus the model group.

9). Regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism and inflammation in oleic acid‐treated HepG2 cells from Lactobacillus acidophilus NX2‐6 extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, 2021 (PubMed: 34486133) [IF=4.0]

Application: WB    Species:    Sample: HepG2 cells

FIGURE 7|Effects of cell-free extract (CFE) on key proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells.

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: HepG2 cells

FIGURE 7 Effects of cell-free extract (CFE) on key proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Different lowercase alphabet letters were significantly different at level of p < .05

10). Mechanism of Qili Qiangxin Capsule for Heart Failure Based on miR133a-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 2024 (PubMed: 38386253) [IF=2.9]

Load more

Restrictive clause

 

Affinity Biosciences tests all products strictly. Citations are provided as a resource for additional applications that have not been validated by Affinity Biosciences. Please choose the appropriate format for each application and consult Materials and Methods sections for additional details about the use of any product in these publications.

For Research Use Only.
Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Not for resale. Not for distribution without written consent. Affinity Biosciences will not be held responsible for patent infringement or other violations that may occur with the use of our products. Affinity Biosciences, Affinity Biosciences Logo and all other trademarks are the property of Affinity Biosciences LTD.