Product: Phospho-NF-kB p65 (Ser276) Antibody
Catalog: AF3387
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-NF-kB p65 (Ser276)
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC IP
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Dog, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.: 65kDa; 60kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: Q04206
RRID: AB_2834818

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 100ul $280 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock

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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IP, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Zebrafish(91%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(82%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Phospho-NF-kB p65 (Ser276) Antibody detects endogenous levels of NF-kB p65 only when phosphorylated at Serine 276.
RRID:
AB_2834818
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF3387, RRID:AB_2834818.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Avian reticuloendotheliosis viral (v rel) oncogene homolog A; MGC131774; NF kappa B p65delta3; NFKB3; Nuclear Factor NF Kappa B p65 Subunit; Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 3; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3; OTTHUMP00000233473; OTTHUMP00000233474; OTTHUMP00000233475; OTTHUMP00000233476; OTTHUMP00000233900; p65; p65 NF kappaB; p65 NFkB; relA; TF65_HUMAN; Transcription factor p65; v rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 3 (p65)); V rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; v rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian); V rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 3, p65;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Description:
NFKB1 (MIM 164011) or NFKB2 (MIM 164012) is bound to REL (MIM 164910), RELA, or RELB (MIM 604758) to form the NFKB complex. The p50 (NFKB1)/p65 (RELA) heterodimer is the most abundant form of NFKB. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA, MIM 164008 or NFKBIB, MIM 604495), which inactivate NFKB by trapping it in the cytoplasm.
Sequence:
MDELFPLIFPAEPAQASGPYVEIIEQPKQRGMRFRYKCEGRSAGSIPGERSTDTTKTHPTIKINGYTGPGTVRISLVTKDPPHRPHPHELVGKDCRDGFYEAELCPDRCIHSFQNLGIQCVKKRDLEQAISQRIQTNNNPFQVPIEEQRGDYDLNAVRLCFQVTVRDPSGRPLRLPPVLSHPIFDNRAPNTAELKICRVNRNSGSCLGGDEIFLLCDKVQKEDIEVYFTGPGWEARGSFSQADVHRQVAIVFRTPPYADPSLQAPVRVSMQLRRPSDRELSEPMEFQYLPDTDDRHRIEEKRKRTYETFKSIMKKSPFSGPTDPRPPPRRIAVPSRSSASVPKPAPQPYPFTSSLSTINYDEFPTMVFPSGQISQASALAPAPPQVLPQAPAPAPAPAMVSALAQAPAPVPVLAPGPPQAVAPPAPKPTQAGEGTLSEALLQLQFDDEDLGALLGNSTDPAVFTDLASVDNSEFQQLLNQGIPVAPHTTEPMLMEYPEAITRLVTGAQRPPDPAPAPLGAPGLPNGLLSGDEDFSSIADMDFSALLSQISS

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Zebrafish
91
Xenopus
82
Chicken
70
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - Q04206 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
M1 Acetylation
K37 Methylation
K37 Sumoylation
C38 S-Nitrosylation
S42 Phosphorylation
S45 Phosphorylation
K56 Ubiquitination
K62 Ubiquitination
T71 Phosphorylation
S75 Phosphorylation
K79 Ubiquitination
K93 Ubiquitination
S112 Phosphorylation
K122 Acetylation
K122 Ubiquitination
K123 Acetylation
K123 Ubiquitination
S131 Phosphorylation
T136 Phosphorylation
R174 Methylation
S180 Phosphorylation
R187 Methylation
K195 Ubiquitination
S205 Phosphorylation
K218 Acetylation
K218 Methylation
K218 Ubiquitination
K221 Acetylation
K221 Methylation
S238 Phosphorylation
S240 Phosphorylation
T254 Phosphorylation
S261 Phosphorylation
S269 Phosphorylation
S276 Phosphorylation P11309 (PIM1) , O94806 (PRKD3) , O75676 (RPS6KA4) , P17612 (PRKACA) , O75582 (RPS6KA5)
S281 Phosphorylation
T305 O-Glycosylation
T305 Phosphorylation
Y306 Phosphorylation
T308 Phosphorylation
K310 Acetylation
K310 Methylation
K310 Ubiquitination
S311 Phosphorylation Q05513 (PRKCZ)
K314 Acetylation
K314 Methylation
K314 Ubiquitination
K315 Acetylation
K315 Methylation
K315 Ubiquitination
S316 Phosphorylation P48729 (CSNK1A1)
S319 O-Glycosylation
T322 O-Glycosylation
S337 O-Glycosylation
S337 Phosphorylation
T352 O-Glycosylation
S374 O-Glycosylation
S374 Phosphorylation
S377 O-Glycosylation
T429 Phosphorylation
T435 Phosphorylation P28482 (MAPK1)
S468 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) , O14920 (IKBKB) , Q14164 (IKBKE)
S472 Phosphorylation
T505 Phosphorylation
S529 Phosphorylation P68400 (CSNK2A1) , P47710 (CSN1S1)
S536 Phosphorylation O15111 (CHUK) , O94806 (PRKD3) , Q9Y6K9 (IKBKG) , Q9UHD2 (TBK1) , Q9HCP0 (CSNK1G1) , Q16566 (CAMK4) , P51812 (RPS6KA3) , Q15418 (RPS6KA1) , Q00534 (CDK6) , O14920 (IKBKB) , P24723 (PRKCH) , Q14164 (IKBKE)
S543 Phosphorylation P68400 (CSNK2A1)
S547 Phosphorylation Q13315 (ATM)

Research Backgrounds

Function:

NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 and RELA-REL complexes, for instance, function as transcriptional activators. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B on NF-kappa-B through retention in the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with RELA. RELA shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. Beside its activity as a direct transcriptional activator, it is also able to modulate promoters accessibility to transcription factors and thereby indirectly regulate gene expression. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with DDX1. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells. The NF-kappa-B homodimeric RELA-RELA complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression.

PTMs:

Ubiquitinated by RNF182, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Degradation is required for termination of NF-kappa-B response.

Monomethylated at Lys-310 by SETD6. Monomethylation at Lys-310 is recognized by the ANK repeats of EHMT1 and promotes the formation of repressed chromatin at target genes, leading to down-regulation of NF-kappa-B transcription factor activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-311 disrupts the interaction with EHMT1 without preventing monomethylation at Lys-310 and relieves the repression of target genes (By similarity).

Phosphorylation at Ser-311 disrupts the interaction with EHMT1 and promotes transcription factor activity (By similarity). Phosphorylation on Ser-536 stimulates acetylation on Lys-310 and interaction with CBP; the phosphorylated and acetylated forms show enhanced transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-276 by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 promotes its transactivation and transcriptional activities.

Reversibly acetylated; the acetylation seems to be mediated by CBP, the deacetylation by HDAC3 and SIRT2. Acetylation at Lys-122 enhances DNA binding and impairs association with NFKBIA. Acetylation at Lys-310 is required for full transcriptional activity in the absence of effects on DNA binding and NFKBIA association. Acetylation at Lys-310 promotes interaction with BRD4. Acetylation can also lower DNA-binding and results in nuclear export. Interaction with BRMS1 promotes deacetylation of Lys-310. Lys-310 is deacetylated by SIRT2.

S-nitrosylation of Cys-38 inactivates the enzyme activity.

Sulfhydration at Cys-38 mediates the anti-apoptotic activity by promoting the interaction with RPS3 and activating the transcription factor activity.

Sumoylation by PIAS3 negatively regulates DNA-bound activated NF-kappa-B.

Proteolytically cleaved within a conserved N-terminus region required for base-specific contact with DNA in a CPEN1-mediated manner, and hence inhibits NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity.

Subcellular Location:

Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Note: Nuclear, but also found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form complexed to an inhibitor (I-kappa-B) (PubMed:1493333). Colocalized with DDX1 in the nucleus upon TNF-alpha induction (PubMed:19058135). Colocalizes with GFI1 in the nucleus after LPS stimulation (PubMed:20547752). Translocation to the nucleus is impaired in L.monocytogenes infection (PubMed:20855622).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Subunit Structure:

Component of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex. Component of the NF-kappa-B p65-c-Rel complex. Homodimer; component of the NF-kappa-B p65-p65 complex. Component of the NF-kappa-B p65-p52 complex. May interact with ETHE1. Binds TLE5 and TLE1. Interacts with TP53BP2. Binds to and is phosphorylated by the activated form of either RPS6KA4 or RPS6KA5. Interacts with ING4 and this interaction may be indirect. Interacts with CARM1, USP48 and UNC5CL. Interacts with IRAK1BP1 (By similarity). Interacts with NFKBID (By similarity). Interacts with NFKBIA. Interacts with GSK3B. Interacts with NFKBIB (By similarity). Interacts with NFKBIE. Interacts with NFKBIZ. Interacts with EHMT1 (via ANK repeats) (By similarity). Part of a 70-90 kDa complex at least consisting of CHUK, IKBKB, NFKBIA, RELA, ELP1 and MAP3K14. Interacts with HDAC3; HDAC3 mediates the deacetylation of RELA. Interacts with HDAC1; the interaction requires non-phosphorylated RELA. Interacts with CBP; the interaction requires phosphorylated RELA. Interacts (phosphorylated at 'Thr-254') with PIN1; the interaction inhibits p65 binding to NFKBIA. Interacts with SOCS1. Interacts with UXT. Interacts with MTDH and PHF11. Interacts with ARRB2. Interacts with NFKBIA (when phosphorylated), the interaction is direct; phosphorylated NFKBIA is part of a SCF(BTRC)-like complex lacking CUL1. Interacts with RNF25. Interacts (via C-terminus) with DDX1. Interacts with UFL1 and COMMD1. Interacts with BRMS1; this promotes deacetylation of 'Lys-310'. Interacts with NOTCH2 (By similarity). Directly interacts with MEN1; this interaction represses NFKB-mediated transactivation. Interacts with AKIP1, which promotes the phosphorylation and nuclear retention of RELA. Interacts (via the RHD) with GFI1; the interaction, after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, inhibits the transcriptional activity by interfering with the DNA-binding activity to target gene promoter DNA. Interacts (when acetylated at Lys-310) with BRD4; leading to activation of the NF-kappa-B pathway. Interacts with MEFV. Interacts with CLOCK (By similarity). Interacts (via N-terminus) with CPEN1; this interaction induces proteolytic cleavage of p65/RELA subunit and inhibition of NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Interacts with FOXP3. Interacts with CDK5RAP3; stimulates the interaction of RELA with HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 thereby inhibiting NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Interacts with DHX9; this interaction is direct and activates NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription. Interacts with LRRC25. Interacts with TBX21 (By similarity). Interacts with KAT2A (By similarity). Interacts with ZBTB7A; involved in the control by RELA of the accessibility of target gene promoters. Directly interacts with DDX3X; this interaction may trap RELA in the cytoplasm, impairing nuclear relocalization upon TNF activating signals.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) protein M2-1.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with molluscum contagiosum virus MC132.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes virus 8 virus protein LANA1.

Family&Domains:

The transcriptional activation domain 3/TA3 does not participate to the direct transcriptional activity of RELA but is involved in the control by RELA of the accessibility of target gene promoters. Mediates interaction with ZBTB7A.

The transcriptional activation domain 1/TA1 and the transcriptional activation domain 2/TA2 have direct transcriptional activation properties (By similarity). The 9aaTAD motif found within the transcriptional activation domain 2 is a conserved motif present in a large number of transcription factors that is required for their transcriptional transactivation activity (PubMed:17467953).

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Cellular senescence.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > MAPK signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Ras signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > cAMP signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > NF-kappa B signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > HIF-1 signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Sphingolipid signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > TNF signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Drug resistance: Antineoplastic > Antifolate resistance.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Insulin resistance.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Cocaine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Shigellosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Salmonella infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pertussis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Legionellosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Leishmaniasis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis).

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Toxoplasmosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Amoebiasis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Tuberculosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis C.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Measles.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Human papillomavirus infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Herpes simplex infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Epstein-Barr virus infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Transcriptional misregulation in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Viral carcinogenesis.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Pancreatic cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Prostate cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Chronic myeloid leukemia.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Acute myeloid leukemia.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Small cell lung cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Immune diseases > Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Chemokine signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Aging > Longevity regulating pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Development > Osteoclast differentiation.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > IL-17 signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Th17 cell differentiation.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > T cell receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > B cell receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Neurotrophin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Prolactin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Adipocytokine signaling pathway.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Relaxin signaling pathway.

References

1). Pin1 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis by activation of NF‐κB‐IL‐18 feedback loop. Cell Proliferation, 2020 (PubMed: 32347623) [IF=8.5]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample: pancreatic cancer cell

FIGURE 4 Pin1 binds to p65 and facilitates NF-κB activation in pancreatic cancer cells. (A) Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the interaction between Pin1 and p65 in pancreatic cancer cells. (B) Double immunofluorescent staining revealed co-localization of the Pin1 and p65 proteins in Capan-1 and SW19990 cells (scale bar, 5 μm). (C) The effects of Pin1 knockdown on phosphorylation of p65 were assessed by Western blot. (D) Nuclear translocation of p65 induced by Pin1. MIA PaCa-2 cells were transfected with Pin1 or empty vector, and p65 location was determined (scale bar, 25 μm). (E) Increase of NF-κB by Pin1 upregulation. Cells were cotransfected with Pin1 vector or control and NF-κB-Luc construct, followed by luciferase assay

2). Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL2 Inhibits the TNF-α–Mediated NF-κB Activity by Interacting With p65/p50. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020 (PubMed: 32477319) [IF=7.3]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: HEK293T cells

FIGURE 9 | p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 is suppressed by HSV-1 UL2. (A,C) HEK293T cells transfected with either HA empty vector or UL2-HA expression plasmid were stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) for the indicated times (0, 30, and 60 min) according to previous studies (59, 77), and then equal amounts of cell lysates were analyzed by WBs with phospho-NF-κB–p65 (Ser536) Ab (A), phospho-NF-κB–p65 (Ser276) Ab (C) (top panel), or anti-p65 pAb (second panel). Protein levels of UL2 (third panel) and β-actin (bottom panel) in the same cell lysates were also determined. (B,D) Densitometry of phospho-NF-κB–p65 Ser536 (B) and Ser276 bands (D) from (A,C), respectively, were normalized to loading control β-actin. Data were expressed as means ± SD from three independent experiments. ns, not significant and ***P < 0.001.

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample: HEK293T cells

FIGURE 9 | p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 is suppressed by HSV-1 UL2. (A,C) HEK293T cells transfected with either HA empty vector or UL2-HA expression plasmid were stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) for the indicated times (0, 30, and 60 min) according to previous studies (59, 77), and then equal amounts of cell lysates were analyzed by WBs with phospho-NF-κB–p65 (Ser536) Ab (A), phospho-NF-κB–p65 (Ser276) Ab (C) (top panel), or anti-p65 pAb (second panel). Protein levels of UL2 (third panel) and β-actin (bottom panel) in the same cell lysates were also determined. (B,D) Densitometry of phospho-NF-κB–p65 Ser536 (B) and Ser276 bands (D) from (A,C), respectively, were normalized to loading control β-actin.

3). Qinhuo Shanggan oral solution resolves acute lung injury by down-regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023 (PubMed: 37954597) [IF=7.3]

Application: IHC    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 5 QHSG down-regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade in LPS-induced acute lung injury of the rats. (A) The qRT-PCR analysis of TLR4 mRNA level in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. N=4. (B) Western blotting of the protein expressions of TLR4, IκBα, p65 and phospho-p65 in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. N=3. (C) Western blotting of nuclear p65 protein level in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. N=3. (D) IHC analyses of protein levels of TLR4 and phospho-p65 in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. Scale bars = 20 μm. N=3. C, the normal control; M, the model rats. ## p< 0.01 versus the normal control. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the model rats.

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 5 QHSG down-regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade in LPS-induced acute lung injury of the rats. (A) The qRT-PCR analysis of TLR4 mRNA level in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. N=4. (B) Western blotting of the protein expressions of TLR4, IκBα, p65 and phospho-p65 in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. N=3. (C) Western blotting of nuclear p65 protein level in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. N=3. (D) IHC analyses of protein levels of TLR4 and phospho-p65 in the lung tissues of the rats with LPS-induced ALI, treated by QHSG at 5.5 g/kg, 11 g/kg and 22 g/kg or dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg. Scale bars = 20 μm. N=3. C, the normal control; M, the model rats. ## p< 0.01 versus the normal control. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the model rats.

4). PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through suppressing macrophage inflammatory responses via modulating p65 phosphorylation. International Immunopharmacology, 2019 (PubMed: 31203114) [IF=5.6]

5). 7-Difluoromethoxy-5, 4′-dimethoxy-genistein attenuates macrophages apoptosis to promote plaque stability via TIPE2/TLR4 axis in high fat diet-fed ApoE−/− mice. International Immunopharmacology, 2021 (PubMed: 33813367) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: mice    Sample: RAW264.7 cells

Fig. 9. DFMG regulated TLR4 signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis by TIPE2 in LPC-induced RAW264.7 cells. Cells, overexpress or knockdown of TIPE2, were preincubated with DFMG for 0.5 h, then stimulated with LPC for 24 h. (A and D) RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the level of TIPE2 mRNA and protein, respectively. RT-qPCR (B) and Western blot (C) were used to detect the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65Ser276, cleaved Caspase-3 in TIPE2-OE cells. RT-qPCR (E) and Western blot (F) were used to assay the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65Ser276, cleaved Caspase-3 in TIPE2-KD cells. n = 3, Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; TIPE2-NC: TIPE2-negative control, TIPE2-OE: TIPE2- overexpression, TIPE2-KD: TIPE2-knockdown.

6). Neuroprotective effects of Shenghui decoction via inhibition of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in an AlCl3-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 38423408) [IF=5.4]

7). Epstein-Barr virus tegument protein BGLF2 inhibits NF-κB activity by preventing p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. FASEB JOURNAL, 2019 (PubMed: 31337264) [IF=4.8]

8). Qing-Luo-Yin Alleviated Experimental Arthritis in Rats by Disrupting Immune Feedback Between Inflammatory T Cells and Monocytes: Key Evidences from Its Effects on Immune Cell Phenotypes. Journal of Inflammation Research, 2023 (PubMed: 35002280) [IF=4.5]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 4 Interplay between lymphocytes and monocytes during QLY treatments in AIA. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of CD3+CD4+IL-17α+ Th17 cells in normal splenocytes co-cultured from monocytes from different rats; (B) levels of IL-6 and IL-1β released by splenocytes co-cultured from monocytes derived from different rats, determined by ELISA; (C) mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-10, Arg-1, SIRT1 in normal monocytes co-cultured with either normal or AIA lymphocytes in the presence of different rat serums assessed using RT-qPCR; (D) levels of IL-6 and IL-1β released by normal monocytes co-cultured with either normal or AIA lymphocytes in the presence of different rat serums determined by ELISA; (E) Western blot analysis of p65, p-p65, JNK, p-JNK expression in normal monocytes co-cultured with either normal or AIA lymphocytes in the presence of different rat serums; (F) quantification of assay E. Statistical significance: *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the cells co-cultured with immune cells derived from AIA rats.

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