Product: Phospho-GCN2 (Thr899) Antibody
Catalog: AF8154
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-GCN2 (Thr899)
Application: WB IHC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Chicken
Mol.Wt.: 190~230kDa; 187kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: Q9P2K8
RRID: AB_2840216

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 100ul $350 In stock
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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:1000-3000, IHC 1:50-1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(91%), Dog(100%), Chicken(91%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Phospho-GCN2 (Thr899) Antibody detects endogenous levels of GCN2 only when phosphorylated at Thr899.
RRID:
AB_2840216
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF8154, RRID:AB_2840216.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

E2AK4_HUMAN; Eif2ak4; Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 alpha kinase 4; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4; GCN2; GCN2 eIF2alpha kinase; GCN2 like protein; GCN2-like protein; KIAA1338; MGCN2;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
Q9P2K8 E2AK4_HUMAN:

Widely expressed (PubMed:10504407). Expressed in lung, smooth muscle cells and macrophages (PubMed:24292273).

Sequence:
MAGGRGAPGRGRDEPPESYPQRQDHELQALEAIYGADFQDLRPDACGPVKEPPEINLVLYPQGLTGEEVYVKVDLRVKCPPTYPDVVPEIELKNAKGLSNESVNLLKSRLEELAKKHCGEVMIFELAYHVQSFLSEHNKPPPKSFHEEMLERRAQEEQQRLLEAKRKEEQEQREILHEIQRRKEEIKEEKKRKEMAKQERLEIASLSNQDHTSKKDPGGHRTAAILHGGSPDFVGNGKHRANSSGRSRRERQYSVCNSEDSPGSCEILYFNMGSPDQLMVHKGKCIGSDEQLGKLVYNALETATGGFVLLYEWVLQWQKKMGPFLTSQEKEKIDKCKKQIQGTETEFNSLVKLSHPNVVRYLAMNLKEQDDSIVVDILVEHISGVSLAAHLSHSGPIPVHQLRRYTAQLLSGLDYLHSNSVVHKVLSASNVLVDAEGTVKITDYSISKRLADICKEDVFEQTRVRFSDNALPYKTGKKGDVWRLGLLLLSLSQGQECGEYPVTIPSDLPADFQDFLKKCVCLDDKERWSPQQLLKHSFINPQPKMPLVEQSPEDSEGQDYVETVIPSNRLPSAAFFSETQRQFSRYFIEFEELQLLGKGAFGAVIKVQNKLDGCCYAVKRIPINPASRQFRRIKGEVTLLSRLHHENIVRYYNAWIERHERPAGPGTPPPDSGPLAKDDRAARGQPASDTDGLDSVEAAAPPPILSSSVEWSTSGERSASARFPATGPGSSDDEDDDEDEHGGVFSQSFLPASDSESDIIFDNEDENSKSQNQDEDCNEKNGCHESEPSVTTEAVHYLYIQMEYCEKSTLRDTIDQGLYRDTVRLWRLFREILDGLAYIHEKGMIHRDLKPVNIFLDSDDHVKIGDFGLATDHLAFSADSKQDDQTGDLIKSDPSGHLTGMVGTALYVSPEVQGSTKSAYNQKVDLFSLGIIFFEMSYHPMVTASERIFVLNQLRDPTSPKFPEDFDDGEHAKQKSVISWLLNHDPAKRPTATELLKSELLPPPQMEESELHEVLHHTLTNVDGKAYRTMMAQIFSQRISPAIDYTYDSDILKGNFSIRTAKMQQHVCETIIRIFKRHGAVQLCTPLLLPRNRQIYEHNEAALFMDHSGMLVMLPFDLRIPFARYVARNNILNLKRYCIERVFRPRKLDRFHPKELLECAFDIVTSTTNSFLPTAEIIYTIYEIIQEFPALQERNYSIYLNHTMLLKAILLHCGIPEDKLSQVYIILYDAVTEKLTRREVEAKFCNLSLSSNSLCRLYKFIEQKGDLQDLMPTINSLIKQKTGIAQLVKYGLKDLEEVVGLLKKLGIKLQVLINLGLVYKVQQHNGIIFQFVAFIKRRQRAVPEILAAGGRYDLLIPQFRGPQALGPVPTAIGVSIAIDKISAAVLNMEESVTISSCDLLVVSVGQMSMSRAINLTQKLWTAGITAEIMYDWSQSQEELQEYCRHHEITYVALVSDKEGSHVKVKSFEKERQTEKRVLETELVDHVLQKLRTKVTDERNGREASDNLAVQNLKGSFSNASGLFEIHGATVVPIVSVLAPEKLSASTRRRYETQVQTRLQTSLANLHQKSSEIEILAVDLPKETILQFLSLEWDADEQAFNTTVKQLLSRLPKQRYLKLVCDEIYNIKVEKKVSVLFLYSYRDDYYRILF

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Chicken
91
Rabbit
91
Zebrafish
64
Xenopus
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - Q9P2K8 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
R5 Methylation
S102 Phosphorylation
S205 Phosphorylation
S207 Phosphorylation
S230 Phosphorylation
Y253 Phosphorylation
S254 Phosphorylation
S261 Phosphorylation
Y269 Phosphorylation
S467 Phosphorylation
K474 Ubiquitination
Y500 Phosphorylation
S551 Phosphorylation
S555 Phosphorylation
Y560 Phosphorylation
S572 Phosphorylation
K606 Acetylation
K610 Ubiquitination
K619 Ubiquitination
K634 Ubiquitination
T667 Phosphorylation
S672 Phosphorylation
S770 Phosphorylation
K850 Ubiquitination
T871 Phosphorylation
T899 Phosphorylation Q9P2K8 (EIF2AK4)
T904 Phosphorylation Q9P2K8 (EIF2AK4)
S928 Phosphorylation
T991 Phosphorylation
T1085 Phosphorylation
K1135 Methylation
K1135 Ubiquitination
K1259 Acetylation
K1489 Ubiquitination
K1627 Ubiquitination

PTMs - Q9P2K8 As Enzyme

Substrate Site Source
P05198 (EIF2S1) S52 Uniprot
P56192 (MARS) S229 Uniprot
P56192 (MARS) S472 Uniprot
P56192 (MARS) S662 Uniprot
Q9BY44 (EIF2A) S265 Uniprot
Q9P2K8 (EIF2AK4) T899 Uniprot
Q9P2K8 (EIF2AK4) T904 Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' in response to low amino acid availability. Plays a role as an activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) required for adapatation to amino acid starvation. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1 either to a competitive inhibitor of the translation initiation factor eIF-2B, leading to a global protein synthesis repression, and thus to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translational initiation activation of specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated reprogramming of amino acid biosynthetic gene expression to alleviate nutrient depletion. Binds uncharged tRNAs (By similarity). Involved in cell cycle arrest by promoting cyclin D1 mRNA translation repression after the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) activation or cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 mRNA translation activation in response to amino acid deprivation. Plays a role in the consolidation of synaptic plasticity, learning as well as formation of long-term memory. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth inhibition. Plays a proapoptotic role in response to glucose deprivation. Promotes global cellular protein synthesis repression in response to UV irradiation independently of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways (By similarity). Plays a role in the antiviral response against alphavirus infection; impairs early viral mRNA translation of the incoming genomic virus RNA, thus preventing alphavirus replication (By similarity).

(Microbial infection) Plays a role in modulating the adaptive immune response to yellow fever virus infection; promotes dendritic cells to initiate autophagy and antigene presentation to both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells under amino acid starvation.

PTMs:

Autophosphorylated; autophosphorylation on Thr-899 is increased upon amino acid starvation and in UV irradiation cells and inhibited in presence of IMPACT.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Widely expressed. Expressed in lung, smooth muscle cells and macrophages.

Subunit Structure:

Homodimer; homodimerization is important for kinase activation by uncharged tRNAs. Interacts with GCN1; this interaction stimulates EIF2AK4/GCN2 kinase activity and is impaired by IMPACT upon a variety of stress conditions, such as amino acid depletion, UV-C irradiation, proteasome inhibitor treatment and glucose deprivation. Interacts with DNAJC3; this interaction inhibits EIF2AK4/GCN2 kinase activity during endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hypothermic and amino acid-starving stress conditions.

Family&Domains:

The histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like region and protein kinase domains are necessary for eIF-2-alpha kinase activity and eIF-2-alpha-mediated translational control. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like domain is necessary for binding to uncharged tRNAs. Kinase domain 1 is a degenerate kinase domain.

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GCN2 subfamily.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Autophagy - animal.   (View pathway)

· Genetic Information Processing > Folding, sorting and degradation > Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis C.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Measles.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Herpes simplex infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Epstein-Barr virus infection.

References

1). Branched chain amino acids exacerbate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion vulnerability via enhancing GCN2/ATF6/PPAR-α pathway-dependent fatty acid oxidation. Theranostics, 2020 (PubMed: 32373236) [IF=12.4]

Application: WB    Species: mouse    Sample: Heart

Figure 6. BCAA increase PPAR-α expression in a GCN2/ATF6 pathway-dependent manner. (A) Expression of p-GCN2, GCN2 and ATF6 in the presence of increasing concentrations of BCAA (0, 0.429 mM, 0.858 mM, 1.716 mM, 3.432 mM) by western blotting (n=6). (B) Expression of p-GCN2, GCN2 and ATF6 in the presence of increasing concentrations of BCKA (0, 0.429 mM, 0.858 mM, 1.716 mM, 3.432 mM) by western blotting (n=6). BCKA mixture is composed of αKIC, αKIV and αKMV (weight ratio, αKIC: αKIV: αKMV= 2:1:1). (C) NRVMs were treated with control siRNA and ATF6 siRNA. 48 h after transfection, expression of ATF6 was determined by western blotting (n=4). (D-E) ATF6 siRNA transferred NRVMs were treated with or without BCAA (3.432 mM) (n=6). (D) PPAR-α expression was determined by western blotting. (E) Expression of Acaa2, Acadm, Cd36 and Cpt1b by real-time PCR. (F-G) ATF6 siRNA transferred NRVMs were treated with or without BCKA (3.432 mM) (n=6). (F) PPAR-α expression was determined by western blotting. (G) Expression of Acaa2, Acadm, Cd36 and Cpt1b by real-time PCR. (C) Data were analyzed by Student’s t test. (A-B) and (D-G) Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01. All values are presented as mean ± SEM.

2). ATF4 inhibits tumor development and mediates p-GCN2/ASNS upregulation in colon cancer. Scientific reports, 2024 (PubMed: 38844625) [IF=4.6]

3). Mechanisms of Dangua Fang in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics. Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 2024 (PubMed: 38504539) [IF=2.6]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 4 Phosphorylation levels of p-GCN2 and p-SREBP1 in cell experiment detected using western blot A, C: western blot; western blots in A are control, 5%DGR, model, 10%DGR. in proper order and in C are control, model, 5%DGR, 10%DGR. B, D: quantitative comparison of western blot detection results. Control: conventional culture without intervention; Model: without drug intervention after modelling; 5%DGR: 5% medium-dose medicated serum + 10% blank serum after modelling; 10%DGR: 10% medium-dose medicated serum + 5 % blank serum. DGR: Dangua Fang; p-GCN2: phospho-general control non-derepressible 2 (n = 4); p-SREBP 1: phospho- sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (n = 6). Compared with control group: aP < 0.05; compared with model group: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.

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